FAU Advanced Health Assessment Practice Test

What are possible causes of Cauda Equina Syndrome?

1. Infections and autoimmune diseases

2. Trauma, tumors, and spinal stenosis

3. Genetic disorders

4. Metabolic syndromes

The correct answer is: Trauma, tumors, and spinal stenosis

Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) is a serious condition resulting from compression of the cauda equina, a bundle of spinal nerves at the lower end of the spinal cord. This syndrome can lead to significant neurological deficits and requires immediate medical intervention. The underlying causes of CES are primarily mechanical in nature, which is why trauma, tumors, and spinal stenosis are recognized as possible causes. Trauma can result from accidents or injuries that lead to fractures or dislocations of the vertebrae, directly compressing the nerves. Tumors, either within the spinal canal or in surrounding tissues, can also exert pressure on the cauda equina. Spinal stenosis, which involves narrowing of the spinal canal, can stem from degenerative changes in the spine, leading to encroachment on the nerve roots. While infections, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders, and metabolic syndromes can be significant medical issues, they are less commonly associated specifically with inducing Cauda Equina Syndrome. Conditions such as infections can potentially lead to nerve compression but are not the primary or most common causes. Therefore, the mechanical factors identified in the correct choice highlight the direct impact they have on nerve pathways crucial to lower body function, making them the main causes of CES.